International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research

Phyto Chemical and Physio Chemical Evaluation of Kalladaippu Kudineer

J. Pandeeswaran — 2025-09-15

Traditional Siddha medicine offers a vast array of polyherbal formulations used effectively in the treatment of various ailments. One such formulation is Kalladaippu Kudineer Chooranam, traditionally used in the management of urinary calculi (Kalladaippu). This study aims to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and physicochemical properties of Kalladaippu Kudineer Chooranam to scientifically validate its therapeutic potential and ensure quality control. The formulation was prepared according to classical Siddha literature and subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, which revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, and phenolic compounds- indicating significant therapeutic potential such as anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and lithotriptic activities. Physicochemical parameters including organoleptic properties, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, loss on drying, and extractive values (water and alcohol soluble) were determined using standard methods. The results were within acceptable limits, suggesting the formulation's purity and stability. This dual evaluation ensures the standardization and authenticity of the formulation, supporting its traditional claims with scientific evidence. The presence of multiple bioactive compounds highlights the formulation’s potential for further pharmacological and clinical investigations. Thus, the study provides a foundation for the integration of Kalladaippu Kudineer Chooranam into evidence-based practice and contributes to the preservation and validation of Siddha medicine.

A Personalised Ayurvedic Approach to Psoriasis Through Virechana and Raktamokshana

Jayeeta Das — 2025-09-15

Psoriasis (ICD 11-EA90) is a non-infectious chronic autoimmune condition caused by the rapid overproduction of new skin cells resulting in scales, inflammation and redness. Among all types of psoriasis; plaque psoriasis (ICD 11- EA90.0) makes upto 90% of cases. There is a role of T- cells and genetic factors along with environmental influences (physical trauma, infection, drugs). In Ayurveda entire skin diseases are categorized under the umbrella of Kustha (skin diseases). Based on its presentation psoriasis can be correlated with Ekakustha which is categorized under Kshudra kustha. A personalised treatment plan is necessary according to the condition of the patient as well as the disease. In this case the patient underwent Sodhana (bio-purification) therapy beginning with Deepana-Pachana (appetizers and digestives), Snehapana (internal oleation) followed by Virechana Karma (purgation therapy) and a suitable Samsarjana Krama (dietetic regimen). Later on, Raktamokshana (blood-letting therapy) along with Shamana Ausadhi (oral medication) were administered. After 2 months of follow up there was significant reduction in PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) and DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) scores.

A Cross-Sectional Study on Diabetic Retinopathy Patients with Association to Daihik Prakriti

Hage H. Tumpi — 2025-09-15

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of visual impairment worldwide, primarily resulting from prolonged hyperglycaemia that damages the retinal microvasculature. It is a common complication of both Type I and Type II Diabetes Mellitus and often progresses insidiously until advanced stages, leading to vision-threatening conditions such as macular oedema, retinal hemorrhage, and neovascularization. Daihik Prakriti (DP), a fundamental Ayurvedic concept, classifies individuals based on the predominance of Tridoshas- Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. It plays a vital role in predicting disease susceptibility and guiding individualized preventive and therapeutic strategies. Aim & Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between diabetic retinopathy and Daihik prakriti in Type 2 diabetic patients. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 patients of DR selected from OPD of Shalakya Tantra dept at PTKLS, Bhopal. Data was collected using a CCRAS Prakriti assessment scale and a detailed dilated examination was done. Result: Most patients were aged 61–70 years (47.5%) and male (62.5%), with 87.5% showing uncontrolled diabetes. Pitta Pradhan Prakriti was most prevalent (45%), especially the Pitta-Kapha subtype (32.5%). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggests that there is a significant association between Daihik Prakriti and diabetic retinopathy and knowing one’s own Prakriti can be an effective diagnostic and predictive tool for early diagnosis, prevention, and management through personalized approach.

In-Vitro Antifungal Evaluation of Kushthaghna Mahakashaya Plant Extracts Against Dermatophytes: A Study on Epidermophyton Floccosum, Microsporum Canis and Trichophyton Mentagrophytes

Ritu Kumari — 2025-09-15

Now days skin diseases are very common. In society, the sufferer faces physical, emotional and socioeconomic embarrassment. In Ayurveda, skin diseases have been comprehended under the heading of Kushtha which causes vitiation as well as discoloration of the skin. In contemporary medical science, Dadrukushtha is correlated to dermatophytosis which is caused by mainly three fungal strains i.e. Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton. Acharya Charak mentioned the Kushthaghna mahakashaya for the management of Kushtha. In this study, anti-fungal activities of Kushthaghna mahakashaya plants were tested against these three common pathogenic fungal strains. Material and Methods: These plants were subjected to solvent extraction using hot solvent of increasing polarity into ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The antifungal activity of crude extracts was screened against the test organisms by agar well diffusion method. Result: Out of these tested plants, three plant extracts Semicarpus anacardium, Embellica officinalis and Curcuma longa showed significant antifungal activity against all three fungal strains. Five plant extracts did not show activity against E. floccosum but showed activity against M. canis and T. mentagrophytes. Largest ZOI (18 mm) was produced by Embelia ribes against M. canis. Conclusion: Based on this study, it can be concluded that some plants of Kushthaghna mahakashaya group have significant antifungal activity against selected fungal strains. Their significant ZOIs prove that Kushthaghna mahakashaya play important role in treating fungal diseases (Kushtha).

A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Nasya Karma with Anutaila and Keshamitra Yoga in Khalitya w.s.r to Keshpatana (Hair Fall)

Supriya — 2025-09-15

Khalitya and Palitya are two disorders described in Ayurveda texts which are similar to hair loss. According to concept of Tridosha, it may be produced due to Prakopa or Vridhi of Vata and Pitta Dosha. In Ayurvedic terms, hair fall is coined out as ‘Keshpatana’. The production of first Dhatu (Rasa Dhatu) in qualitative form is responsible for the production of next (Uttarouttar) Dhatu and upto Sukra Dhatu. The nutrients required for Asthi Dhatu are responsible for the quality and strength of hair. Aim and objective: Evaluation of the combined effect of Anutaila Nasya and Keshamitra yoga in Keshpatana in comparison of only Keshamitra yoga, to evaluate the efficacy of Nasya Karma in management of Keshpatana. Material and methods: In the present clinical study, 60 patients of Keshpatana were selected randomly from the O.P.D & I.P.D of Gurukul Campus, U.A.U, Haridwar and were randomly divided into two groups (30 patients in each). Out of which 6 patients went to LAMA. Keshpatana in Group A were treated with Anutaila Nasya, which was given in schedule for 3 courses of 7 days and with a gap of 3 days and Keshamitra Yoga. Group B was given Keshamitra Yoga 5gm BD orally for 30 days. Result: The therapeutic effect of the treatment was assessed on both sign and symptoms and tests. Group A marked relief (≥75-99% relief) in 12 patients (46.15%), moderate relief (≥51-74% relief) was seen in 13 patients (50%) and 1 patient (3.8%) showed mild relief. In group B, 19 patients (73.07%) showed mild relief, 6 patients (23.07%) showed moderate relief, and marked relief (≥ 75-99% relief) was seen in 1 patient (3.8%). Conclusion: Anutaila Nasya reveals encouraging results then Keshamitra Yoga by providing relief in Keshpatana and by reducing the hair fall significantly.

The Efficacy of Amiy Naturals Muscle Mercytm Sublingual Dual Action Oral Drops in Musculoskeletal Pain Management

Satyendra Songara — 2025-09-15

Ayurveda, lies a profound understanding of the intricate web of life. As a developing nation, various pain related condition happening due to various causes like trauma, neuro condition, degenerative changes, etc. and the drugs which are available in modern are short acting causing serious damages to organs on prolonged use. This article deals with the study on the efficacy of Amiy naturals MUSCLE MERCY^TM sublingual dual action oral drops in musculoskeletal pain management. These drops specially contain Ayurvedic drugs which helps in pain relieving and mood enhancing CBD oil along with other ayurvedic herbs. This sublingual oil drops having various benefits like fast absorption by bypassing gastro– intestinal route directly into blood stream which increases the efficacy and pain relief factor, can be easily administer through mouth with less or no side–effect and may help in managing issues like musculoskeletal pain, traumatic pain, etc. This drug contains hemp oil, Shunthi, Nirgundi, Rasna and Lavang oil which shows their mood enhancing and pain-relieving properties. In this article we will study action of this product through various assessment criteria on different parameters like age, chronic pain, swelling, stiffness, mood enhancement, etc.

Nutritional and Therapeutic Analysis of Sethura Laddu for Postpartum Women

Deepshikha Jaiswal — 2025-09-15

Sethura laddu, a traditional Indian sweet consumed by postpartum women, particularly in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. A well- balanced nutrition is essential for a child's development which is starting from conception and extending through lactation, where maternal nourishment plays a significant role. This analysis aims to verify its role in supporting newly delivered mothers through nutritional and therapeutic perspectives. Sethura laddu is traditionally prepared recipe for recovery of postpartum, using a specific mixture of ingredients, including ginger powder, desiccated coconut, Tikhur powder, deshi ghee, almonds, gond, cashews, raisins, sugar, moong dal powder, makhana, turmeric powder, chironji, and poppy seeds. A detailed nutritional analysis was performed to assess the nutritional composition which is beneficial for postpartum women. The study also included a review of the nutritional benefits. Nutritionally, the laddu provides a balanced combination of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, contributing to its role in enhancing milk production, reducing back pain, and providing sustained energy. The iron content was quantified as 3.30mg/100g through analysis. Key ingredients such as dry ginger, moong dal powder, Tikhur powder, almonds, and deshi ghee are known for their beneficial effects on digestion, cardiovascular health, lactation, and overall postpartum recovery. Sethura laddu is a nutrient-dense recipe with significant benefits for postpartum women. Its traditional formulation, supported by both historical usage and nutritional analysis, aids in lactation, energy provision, and ease postpartum discomfort. This study highlights the laddu’s value as a dietary supplement for new mothers, combining traditional wisdom with nutritional science to support postpartum health and recovery.

An Ethnobotanical and Folklore Study of Medicinal Plants in Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary and Malluru Forest, Telangana

Sridhar Anishetty — 2025-09-15

Ayurveda is rooted in plant-based healing traditions, many of which are still practiced among tribal communities in India. Yet, this knowledge is under threat due to deforestation, modernization, and decline in intergenerational transfer. Ethnobotanical surveys are essential for documentation, conservation, and providing scientific leads for pharmacological validation. Aim and Objectives: Primary objectives: (i) To document the indigenous knowledge of local communities regarding medicinal plants. (ii) To identify and catalogue medicinal species with reference to forest type and canopy structure. Secondary objectives: (i) To identify and geo-tag rare and endangered species. (ii) To assess their conservation status. (iii) To explore their potential for modern medicine and sustainable livelihoods. Materials and Methods: Fieldwork was carried out in eight tribal villages using participatory rural appraisal, semi-structured interviews, and guided field walks. Twenty-five folklore healers (aged 40–75 years) provided information on plant names, parts used, preparation methods, and therapeutic indications. Data were validated through photographs, herbarium specimens, and conservation status as per IUCN and national references. Results: A total of 212 medicinal plant species (69 families, 165 genera) were documented, of which 99% were angiosperms. Growth forms included trees (88), herbs (62), climbers (49), and shrubs (13). About 94% were indigenous, with Fabaceae (27 spp.), Malvaceae (10), and Amaranthaceae (8) as dominant families. Thirty-three species were regularly used, with 15 most frequently applied, mainly for scorpion and insect bites, wound healing, and bone fractures. Applications were chiefly for human medicine (90%), with limited veterinary (8%) and dual (2%) use. Conclusion: The study establishes a baseline inventory of ethnomedicinal plants in the region. It underscores the need for phytochemical validation, digital archiving, and youth engagement. Community-led conservation and integration with Ayurveda can safeguard biodiversity and strengthen future drug discovery.

Ayurvedic Management of Grahani w.s.r. to Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Seema Jamra — 2025-09-15

Ayurveda provides a comprehensive approach to abdominal and digestive disorders by focusing on the root causes of disease. Among its core concepts is Grahani, described as the principal site of digestion and absorption, situated between the Amashaya (stomach) and Nabhi, referred to as Pachyamanashaya. The Pachakagni (digestive fire) located here is responsible for processing food and converting it into nutritive essence. Impairment of this Jatharagni (Mandagni) results in Grahani Roga, marked by weak digestion, formation of Ama (undigested or toxic residues), and symptoms such as irregular bowel movements, abdominal discomfort, and malabsorption. These clinical features show close similarity with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) as recognized in modern medicine. This case study highlights the role of Shamana Chikitsa and Piccha Basti in managing severe IBS, emphasizing the relevance of Ayurvedic management in restoring digestive balance.

A Case Report on the Management of Meige Syndrome

Bijumon O C — 2025-09-15

Meige syndrome is a rare neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary, forceful and often painful contractions of the facial muscles. It typically presents as a combination of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia. This case report discusses a 53-year-old female patient, diagnosed with Meige syndrome, who presented to the Outpatient Department of Government Ayurveda Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, with complaints of pain over the temporomandibular joint, repetitive jaw movements and involuntary, recurrent closure of both eyelids for the past 5 years. The treatment principle adopted in this case was based on Ardhita Chikitsa. She was given internal medications such as Indukantham ghritam, Dhanadanayanadi Kashayam, Dhanwantaram 101A, Yogaraja guggulu tablets, along with external procedures like Thalam, Jaloukavacharana, Nasya, Ksheeradhooma, Shirodhara, Gandusham, Shashtika Pinda Swedam and Agnikarma. The treatment duration was one month, with follow-ups continued for three months and changes were assessed at the third follow-up. Follow-up medicines were Murdhini Tailam and mukhabhyangam with Balatailam, Pratimarsha Nasyam with Dhanwantaram 41A and Tablet Yogaraja Guggulu as internal medicine. The changes were assessed after the third follow-up using the Jankovic Rating Scale (JRS) and the Oromandibular Dystonia Rating Scale (OMDRS). This management approach suggests that Ayurvedic interventions may serve as a promising and effective therapeutic modality in the management of Meige syndrome.

Shukra Dhatu: The Essence of Vitality in Ayurvedic Thought

Amit Guleria — 2025-09-15

In Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, a healthy person is one who has balanced Doshas, a balanced Agni (digestive fire), well-formed Dhatus, appropriate Malas (waste product) removal, and a blissful mind, soul, and senses. Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, Meda, Asthi, Majja, and Shukra Dhatu are the seven Dhatus explained in Ayurvedic Kriya Sharir (physiology). The seventh and most important of these Dhatus is Shukra Dhatu, which is in charge of vitality and reproduction. The word Shukra originates from the root “Shucha”, meaning pure or radiant. It is the end product after a complete transformation process starting from food and ending in the formation of Shukra, through successive nourishment and conversion of the preceding Dhatus. Sukra Dhatu is present in both men and women and it is the substance which plays a vital role for all systemic body activities including metabolism and the secretions which comes out of the body at the time of sexual act and performs specific functions of reproduction. Sudddha Shukra provides nourishment to the entire body, while in its impure form it becomes harmful to overall well-being. In Ayurveda, Shukra is believed to take almost one month to form from the food consumed, after it undergoes successive transformation through all six previous Dhatus. As Sukra Dhatu the vital essence of all other Dhatus some Ayurveda commentators i.e. Acharya Charaka and Acharya Vaghbata has not described its Mala (waste).

Astavarga (Eight) Medicinal Plants in Ayurveda

Santosh Kumar Tamta — 2025-09-15

Astavarga refers to a group of eight potent medicinal plants used in Ayurveda, an ancient Indian system of medicine. These plants are renowned for their therapeutic properties and are commonly utilized in various Ayurvedic formulations to promote health and treat specific ailments. The Astavarga group indeed holds immense significance in traditional Ayurvedic medicine due to its therapeutic properties. These plants have been valued for their medicinal benefits, such as enhancing vitality, bolstering the immune system, and promoting cellular regeneration. Given their importance and the threat of endangerment faced by many of these species, conservation efforts are crucial. Protecting and cultivating these plants can ensure their sustainability for future generations and maintain the availability of essential ingredients for Ayurvedic formulations. Creating awareness among the public about the significance of these medicinal plants could lead to increased demand and subsequently encourage cultivation initiatives. Moreover, integrating modern agricultural practices with traditional knowledge can aid in cultivating these plants effectively while preserving their medicinal properties. Efforts to protect and propagate these species could involve collaboration between conservationists, herbalists, farmers, and governmental organizations. This collective effort can not only help in preserving biodiversity but also maintain the heritage and efficacy of Ayurvedic medicine.

Pharmaceutical Technology and Quality Control in Classical Ayurveda: A Textual Review

Jayashree Madhavan — 2025-09-15

Ayurveda, as documented in its classical treatises, presents detailed prescriptions on the materials, shapes, and uses of utensils and apparatus, recognizing their active role in preserving potency, preventing contamination, and enhancing therapeutic value. The choice of vessel, the process of storage, and the way in which food or medicine is finally dispensed all shape its safety and effectiveness. From everyday utensils made of clay or metal to specialized crucibles used in Rasashastra, the ancients described in remarkable detail how these supports could preserve potency, prevent decay, and even add therapeutic qualities of their own. This review examines passages from six authoritative treatises: Caraka-Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Sangraha, Ashtanga Hṛdaya, Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, and Rasa Ratna Samuccaya. The analysis shows how copper, silver, gold, earthenware, and crystal were purposefully chosen for specific foods or drugs. Techniques such as shade-drying, filtration, and consecration reflect an early sense of quality control. The crucible, defined as a remover of impurities, illustrates a technological insight parallel to modern calcination. What emerges is a picture of Ayurveda as a system already alive to principles that we now call quality assurance, packaging science, and hygiene. These insights remain relevant as we look for sustainable and culturally rooted practices in contemporary pharmaceutics. Taken together, these textual insights underscore that Ayurveda anticipated several principles now embedded in good manufacturing practice, nutraceutical packaging, and public health standards. They also highlight the continuing relevance of traditional knowledge for developing safe, sustainable, and culturally grounded pharmaceutical practices today.

Sireesha Panchanga Agadam in Mandali Visham

Anju Prakash — 2025-09-15

Agadatantra is one among the eight branches of Ayurveda deals with details of toxins, their effect on body and its management. Agadatantra has its roots in the vedic period, where reference to poisons, especially snake venom, insect bites, plant-based toxins are mentioned. As per Ayurveda substance that rapidly spreads through the entire body is called Visha. Acharyas have divided Visha into two main types Sthavara (plant origin) and Jangama (animal origin) Visha. Mandali visha is one among the Jangama visha which needs proper management at time. Keraleeya visha chikitsa granthas possess abundant knowledge of practically used formulations in treatment of Visha as well as it’s complications. Kriya Kaumudhi a book written in Malayalam which explains about the treatment practices followed by Visha vaidyas from time to time. Sireesha panchanga yoga is explained in Mandalivisha prakaranam in Kriya koumadi. The use of this preparation in Mandali visha involves oral intake as Panam and topical application as Lepa. This yoga contains 8 ingedient’s, including Sireesha, Arka, Lodra, Vilwa, Haridra, Daruharidra and Manjista. The present article attempts to elucidate the potential mode of action of Sireesha Panchanga Yoga by assessing its pharmacological attributes and its effectiveness in treating Mandali Visha.